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The remarkable story of a ""talking"" chimp, a leading scientist, and the profound insights they have uncovered about our species
He has been featured in cover stories in Time, Newsweek, and National Geographic, and has been the subject of a ""NOVA"" documentary. He is directly responsible for discoveries that have forced the scientific community to recast its thinking about the nature of the mind and the origins of language. He is Kanzi, an extraordinary bonobo chimpanzee who has overturned the idea that symbolic language is unique to our species. This is the moving story of how Kanzi learned to converse with humans and the profound lessons he has taught us about our animal cousins, and ourselves.
"". . . The underlying thesis is informative and well argued . . . Savage-Rumbaugh's results are impressive."" — The Washington Post
""This popular, absorbing, and controversial account is recommended."" — Library Journal
- Sales Rank: #421741 in Books
- Brand: Wiley
- Published on: 1996-09-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.30" h x .73" w x 6.14" l, 1.01 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 336 pages
Features
From Publishers Weekly
When ape-language research fell into disfavor in the 1970s, Savage-Rumbaugh, associate professor of biology at Georgia State Univ. and a leading researcher in the field, set a new course, focusing on apes' ability to comprehend symbols. At the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta, she worked with common chimpanzees and bonobos (pygmy chimps), using a computer-based keyboard system. With Roger Lewin (coauthor with Richard Leakey of Origins), she tells the remarkable story of Kanzi, a bonobo who at 14 understands spoken English well enough that his teachers spell out words they don't want him to hear. He asks and answers questions and invents games by manipulating an electronic keyboard. His accomplishments prove chimps can spontaneously acquire language skills through social interaction in a language-rich environment. For readers interested in the origin of language and those who have followed Washoe, Koko and Lucy. Photos not seen by PW.
Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
Much initial ape-language research has fallen into disfavor in the last two decades. Linguists, in particular, claim that the apes' failure to demonstrate syntactical competence precludes real language ability. Savage-Rumbaugh, a leading researcher in the field, disputes their rationale, arguing that the cognitive foundations of human speech can be found with these animals. Working with chimpanzees and later Kanzi, a bonobo, the author focused on the ape's ability truly to comprehend symbols-something that earlier researchers had neglected. As an infant, Kanzi demonstrated a surprising ability to learn symbols spontaneously and to understand human speech. Savage-Rumbaugh, who has been shunned by some of the major scientific journals, has been encouraged and assisted by scientific writer Lewin. Their popular, absorbing, and controversial account is recommended for wide purchase.
Laurie Bartolini, Legislative Research, Springfield, Ill.
Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Although we share 99 percent of our genetic makeup with chimpanzees and even more humanlike characteristics with bonobos (miniature chimpanzees), language sets us apart from our hairy brothers and sisters. Ape researcher Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and her coauthor document her years of psychological studies, laboratory work, and life experiences with bonobos. The book is a blend of Dian Fossey living in the forests with her gorillas and case studies of other scientists' experiences. Through years of skepticism and some remarkable breakthroughs, Savage-Rumbaugh was able to train a bonobo named Kanzi to communicate using a lexigram--a keyboard of symbols representing set words or actions. Kanzi differs from a trained ape in that his responses are thought motivated instead of conditioned. After years of language "school," Kanzi is able to understand English voice commands and appropriately respond using the lexigram, which then generates an electronically activated voice response. His achievements are more than admirable--they are miraculously close to language and comprehensible syntax as we know it. Kanzi is not only a fabulous scientific triumph but also an affectionate story of bonobos. Lisa Orzepowski
Most helpful customer reviews
21 of 25 people found the following review helpful.
Important but Defensive
By Chris McKinstry
This is an important, if somewhat defensive book. I would have been much more interested to read more about Kanzi's day to day behavior and to see some actual scientific data instead of the story of the investigator's scientific publishing woes. Nevertheless, this book should be read widely and it's message that we humans are not as unique as we like to think needs careful consideration by all scientists and the general population.
11 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Outstanding glimpse into the mind of our closest relative.
By A Customer
This wonderful book by Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Roger Lewin forces the reader to reevaluate what it means to be human. Kanzi is a remarkable ape that has revolutionized our understanding of how our closest relatives think, how our common ancestors may have evolved, and why we may not be as different as once supposed. Roger and Sue's collaboration is very readable and conveys the excitement of Sue's scientific research and Kanzi's remarkable talents
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
A SUMMARY BY ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS "APE LANGUAGE" RESEARCHERS
By Steven H Propp
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh (born 1946) is a primatologist most famous for her work with two bonobos, Kanzi and Mulika, investigating their apparent use of "Great Ape language" using lexigrams and computer-based keyboards. She is also the co-author of Apes, Language, and the Human Mind. In this 1994 book, she and science writer Roger Lewin have summarized her research at teaching chimpanzees to use a specially-designed keyboard to communicate with trainers.
She writes of her early concerns, "This absence of full comprehension in language-trained apes was, I felt strongly, a more fundamental criticism of ape-language research than the absence of syntax, as demonstrated by Terrace. Cooperative comprehension is fundamental to language, and two-way communication that does not reflect comprehension is not language, no matter what other attributes it may possess."
She details her reaction to an attack on such ape language work by behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner, who "explained that, although the sequence of events might look like 'sustained and natural conversation,' it was in fact the result of strict conditioning procedures." She writes, "One issue that undoubtedly had provoked the behaviorists' attack was my conclusion that Sherman and Austin were exhibiting conscious intentionality during their communication--a clear red flag to those who believe behavior should simply be viewed as responses to external stimuli. As a result I became labeled a cognitive psychologist."
She writes that "Kanzi was clearly doing this (i.e., comprehending language). For so revolutionary a scientific claim as this, a persuasive body of data would be required, and as yet, I had only my notes of what Kanzi had done. Would anyone believe those? Would anyone believe anything without a number of detailed blind tests? I doubted it. I knew that convincing others would be a difficult task, but I also knew that if I were to focus too intently on proving everything Kanzi said or did, I would lose his natural engagement in the language process."
She concludes, "The ease with which Kanzi acquired a facility for symbolic communication not only tells us something about humans, and the assumed uniqueness of the human mind, but also something about apes and their cognitive competence in their natural state... The boundary wall between humans and apes has finally been breached."
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